When it comes to landing your next job, one often overlooked factor is your list of references. References can be the make-or-break for a job applicant. Employers frequently rely on references to verify their qualifications, work ethic, and character. So, who you list can either strengthen your application or leave a hiring manager with more questions than answers.
You might ask yourself, “Who should I use as a reference?” The answer can vary depending on the job you’re applying for, but generally, references fall into two categories: professional and personal.
Professional vs. Personal References
Professional references are the gold standard in the job search process. These individuals have worked with you in a job, internship, volunteer role, or academic setting and can speak directly about your job performance, skills, dependability, and work ethic. Common examples include: former or current supervisors, co-workers, professors, or academic advisors.
Employers prefer professional references because they can validate your experience and performance in a setting like the job you’re applying for.
On the other hand, personal references are people who know you outside of work or school. They can vouch for your character, integrity, and personality, but may not have observed you in a professional environment. Personal references are more commonly used when you’re just starting your career, transitioning industries, or applying for roles where character is especially important (such as caregiving or community-based positions). Acceptable personal references might include coaches, mentors, or professors.
However, avoid listing close family members (like your parents, siblings, or spouse). Even though they may be your biggest fans, employers may view their opinions as biased and not objective.
Best Practices for Listing References
Before listing anyone as a reference, always ask for their permission. Giving them a heads-up allows them to be prepared if contacted and ensures they’re willing to speak positively on your behalf. Choose individuals who genuinely support you and can provide specific, relevant examples of your strengths.
Your references should be more than just names and phone numbers on a page. They should be people who believe in your potential and can help you make a strong impression, even when you’re not in the room. Taking the time to choose the right people, keep them informed, and build strong professional relationships can make a big difference. Whether you’re just starting your career or making your next big move, make sure the people speaking for you are ready and excited to do so. In the end, it’s not just about what you know, but also who knows you, and what they have to say.
Mallory Cain
Mallory is the Career Services Specialist at Southern Arkansas University. She graduated from SAU in 2021 with her BBA in Marketing and with her MBA in 2023.
